Access (Not) Denied: The Impact of Financial, Human, and Cultural Capital on Entrepreneurial Entryin the United States

Entrepreneurship contributes to business dynamics in all economies, and the individual benefits of starting a business are clear. Nonetheless, access to business start-ups may not be available to all people because of resource constraints. Using a unique new data set for the United States, we examine the relative importance of three forms of resources in pursuing start-up ventures: financial, human, and cultural capital. Our analysis of the Panel Study of Entrepreneurial Dynamics shows that neither financial nor cultural capital resources are necessary conditions for entrepreneurial entry. By contrast, potential entrepreneurs gain significant advantages if they possess high levels of human capital. Specifically, advanced education and managerial experience are significantly positively associated with entrepreneurial entry. Our findings suggest that attempts at entering entrepreneurship, at least in the short-term, may be increasing, as opportunities to acquire human capital are becoming more widespread.     

Cross‐cultural evaluation of factors driving intention to purchase new food products – Beijing,China and south‐east England

It has been reported that consumers in different countries have distinctive perceptions of, and attitudes to, products. This study investigated consumers’ thoughts on new food products in south‐east England (n = 222) and Beijing, China (n = 139), using a questionnaire‐based largely on the Theory of Reasoned Action. Results indicated that consumers in both countries believe it is necessary for the food industry in their respective countries to introduce new food products and they would like to try new products. There appears to be great interest in new products among the Beijing Chinese, with most interest in new healthy food products. The influences on choices suggest that a marketing focus on quality, utility and health benefits would be most fruitful, as personal beliefs were more important in intention to purchase than the influence of other people. Results point away from the expected result that the Chinese, as a collectivist culture, would place more emphasis on others’ opinions than their own beliefs. This may be linked to food not being an item of conspicuous consumption, or to a cultural shift among urban Chinese.     

复合型世界遗产及其资源基础和文化内涵--以"峨眉山-乐山大佛"与"青城山-都江堰"为例

本文首次提出“复合型世界遗产”这一概念。在统计目前复合型世界遗产情况的基础上，探讨复合型世界遗产“申报热”这一现象及其意义，并以“峨眉山一乐山大佛”与“青城山一都江堰”为例，对复合型世界遗产的资源基础和文化内涵的“复合”情况进行分析。     

国家风景名胜区门票专营权分析

我国风景资源的独特性、脆弱性和稀缺性以及市场经济过渡时期改革与探索中的一些不定性因素，决定了国家风景名胜区门票专营权问题的敏感性和重要性。文章认为，对待国家风景名胜区门票专营权问题，应采取严肃而慎重态度。     

Cultural Tourism And Flamenco In The City Of Cordoba (Spain)

Flamenco is a tourist product that can attract many visitors from around the world, and the city of Cordoba (Spain) has an important role in the origins of flamenco. This work studies whether the satisfaction of cultural tourists who visit the city can be influenced by cultural offers related to flamenco. To achieve this objective, fieldwork was carried out based on 709 surveys conducted in the most important flamenco “tablaos” (stages) of the city. The techniques of factorial analysis and linear adjustment were used. The results show that flamenco can be a product that complements the satisfaction of cultural tourists.     

对首届"河南文化遗产日"的调查和思考

2005年11月26日、27日河南省在我国率先设立了"文化遗产日",这是对我国文化遗产保护的一种新尝试.那么,文化遗产日的设立能否得到认可,它有什么样的效应?又存在什么样的问题?弄清这些对我国文化遗产的保护和发展有着重要的意义.通过调查研究发现,游客、媒体和网友对文化遗产日的设立大都持肯定的态度,认为文化遗产日具有众多的积极效应,但游客对文化遗产日的感受不是很好,文化遗产日暴露的问题,将影响着人们进一步参加文化遗产日的可能性.最后,文章对首届河南文化遗产日进行了评价,对相关问题进行了初步的探讨.     

道德行为的情境模式与茨威格价值判断的迷误

茨威格的三篇小说反映出作家本人由于不了解道德行为的情境模式,导致他对道德行为的价值判断陷入迷误,并且对笔下那些在本能的情欲冲动支配下产生＂出轨＂行为的女性表现出太多的同情和赞赏。当代中国社会和女性文学中存在着类似不良倾向,对社会发展产生着一定的消极影响。     

Assessing cross-cultural marketing theory and research: A commentary essay

Cross-cultural research (CCR) is extremely important for advancing understanding of the range and limits of theoretical constructs and frameworks across different cultural contexts. CCR also provides an important understanding of the differences between countries and cultures. This commentary essay examines the review conducted by Engelen and Brettel (2010) and comments on shortcomings, as well as identifying areas where more needs to be done. A critical first step is to properly define the unit of analysis. This step is particularly critical as the concept of “national culture” is becoming increasingly less relevant and the appropriate culture unit for examination is often a smaller, more homogeneous grouping within a given geographic location. This view allows more meaningful inferences to be made and controls for possible contextual confounds, as well as providing a richer understanding of the limits of national culture in an increasingly global economy.     

Indigenous Peoples,Resource Extraction and Sustainable Development: An Ethical Approach

Resource extraction companies worldwide are involved with Indigenous peoples. Historically these interactions have been antagonistic, yet there is a growing public expectation for improved ethical performance of resource industries to engage with Indigenous peoples. (Crawley and Sinclair, Journal of Business Ethics 45, 361–373 (2003)) proposed an ethical model for human resource practices with Indigenous peoples in Australian mining companies. This paper expands on this work by re-framing the discussion within the context of sustainable development, extending it to Canada, and generalizing to other resource industries. We argue that it is unethical to sacrifice the viability of Indigenous cultures for industrial resource extraction; it is ethical to engage with indigenous peoples in a manner consistent with their wishes and needs as they perceive them. We apply these ideas to a case study in the coastal temperate rainforest of Clayoquot Sound, British Columbia, Canada. In this case a scientific panel comprised of Nuu-Chah-Nulth elders, forest scientists and management professionals, achieved full consensus on developing sustainable forest practice standards by drawing equally on Indigenous traditional ecological knowledge and Western science in the context of one of the most heated and protracted environmental conflicts in Canadian history. The resulting sustainable forest practice standards were later adopted by leading forestry firms operating on the coast. Our analysis of this scientific panels success provides the basis for advancing an ethical approach to sustainable development with Indigenous peoples. This ethical approach is applicable to companies working in natural resource industries where the territories of Indigenous peoples are involved.David Lertzman Ph.D. is Adjunct Assistant Professor of Environmental Management and Sustainable Development and Senior Associate with the TransCanada International Institute for Resource Industries and Sustainability Studies at the Haskayne School of Business, University of Calgary. He teaches courses on Sustainable Development With Indigenous Peoples at the Graduate and Undergraduate levels, and in the MSc Program in Sustainable Energy Development for Latin America and the Caribbean. Dr. Lertzman also teaches a Wilderness Retreat on Leadership for Sustainable Development in the MBA program. He is a private consultant and has worked in many Indigenous communities, mostly in Western Canada.Harrie Vredenburg Ph.D. is Professor and Suncor Energy Chair in Competitive Strategy and Sustainable Development at the Haskayne School of Business at the University of Calgary where he is also Director of the TransCanada International Institute for Resource Industries and Sustainability Studies. He teaches in Haskaynes MBA and PhD programs. He is also Academic Chair of the MSc program in Sustainable Energy Development for Latin America and the Caribbean offered by the Haskayne School of Business at the Quito Ecuador campus of regional partner, the Latin American Energy Organization (OLADE). He regularly teaches in the Latin American program.     

行业进入壁垒与中国文化产业高质量发展:保护还是抑制?

基于2000—2012年中国文化产业相关上市公司的微观数据,利用分位数回归模型研究了行业进入壁垒对文化产业全要素生产率的影响。结果表明:行业进入壁垒对文化产业全要素生产率具有较强的抑制效应,并对生产率分布两端行业的负面影响较大,呈"U"型结构;行业进入壁垒存在国有文化企业保护倾向,其对国有文化企业生产率具有不显著的负面影响,而对非国有文化企业具有显著的负面效应;以文化企业补贴渠道存在的行业进入壁垒,不利于文化产业全要素生产率的提升,而由市场自发形成的市场壁垒能够提升文化产业的全要素生产率。这些研究成果为文化体制改革在全国范围内的进一步实施推广提供了依据,同时也为地区文化产业的转型升级和区域经济平衡提供了政策启示。